Process for the manufacture of hollow glassware.



N0.a51,1ss. PATBNTED APR.23,1907.

@.Rcox.

PROCESS FOR THB MANUPACTU-RE OP HOLLOW GLASSWARE. APPLIOATION HLED Nov.1a.19os.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

yPATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

C. F. COX.

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OP HOLLOW GLASSWARB. v

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18. 1905.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

C. F. COX. PROCESS FOR THE MANUFAOTURE OF HOLLOW GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.18. 1905.

I ssHBETs-snzm s.

No. 851.163. PATENTED APR. 23, 1907. K C. F. COX. PROCESS FOR THE MANUFAOTURE 0F HOLLOW GLASSWARB.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1B. 1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

W/TNESSES: f f f1' @l Y :im `v////////////////f//flf/ A TTOHNEYS No. 851,163..l PATENTBD APR. 23, 1907.

' O; P. OOX. PROCESS POR THB MANOFAOTURE' OF HOLLOW GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18. 1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

/NVENTOH f will M 2mm @Y ATTORNEYS tion with the means a top view with is connected by a bv-pass B pressed air at E. A

' UNITED sfrlrrns param yormoni CHARLESF. COX, QF BRIDGETON, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE oF HoLLow GLAsswARE.

No. 851,163. I Specification of Letters Patent. Patented. April 23, 190"1.`\v

i Asplicatioii filed November 18,1905. Serial No. 287,911'7.. d

To all, whom it may owwrb: piston rod K carries at its free end a valve Be it known that I, CHARLES F. COX, a citi- I cage L which snugly fits the inside of thc piszen of the United States, and a resident of ton rod G and has secured to it a plungery M. Bridgeton, county of Cumberland, and State i A valve N is located inside vof the valve cage of New Jersey, have invented a'certain new L and engages a seat 0 on saidcage, which is and useful Process for the Manufacture of further provided with openings P and Q. A Hollow Glassware, of whichthe following is a stuffing box R is supported by the table C, specification. and is provided with a chamber R connected My invention relates to processes for the by a pipe R2 with a vacuum pump of any wcll manufacture of hollow glassware'and has for known description.` its object to provide a simple and efficient Sis amould casing carrying the perforated finishing mould S. The mould casing S and mould S are made in two sections and are capable or being opened and closed as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This opening and closing'fol' the finishing mould may be accomplished in any convenient manner, as by supporting each section of the mould and mould casing on swinging arms S2 fulcrumed at S3 upon the table T.

A movable bottom U is adapted to slide into position beneath-the mould S, when said mould i's in the closed position as shown in Fig. 2, through the medium of suitable mechanism described hereinafter. This sliding bottom U is provided with a chamber U connected by a pipe U2 with a convenient vacuum method for manufacturing such glassware. l The invention will be fully described hereinafter and the features of novelty will be ointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of a machine for manufacturing glassware according to. my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation showing the parts in a different position; Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail section thereof; Fig. 4 is a similarview with the mechanism in a different position; Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is any elevation with parts in section showing the apparatus in conjuncfor raising and lowering the blank mould; Figs. 7 and 8 are top views of the mechanism for opening the vacuum iinishing mould `showing' the same in twodifferent positions; Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively parts in section, and a sectiqnal elevation of the mechanism for raising and lowering the blank mould, and for opening and closing the same; Fig. 1 1 is a sectional elevation of a slightly modified construction; and Fig. 1.2 is a section on line 1'2-12 of Fig. 10.

AA represents a cylinder provided at its upper end with a reduced bore Bwith which it d said cylinder is supported upon a table C. The cylinder A is connected with a convenient compressed air supply at D, and the reduced portion B is also connected l'with such source of compiston F, secured to a ollow piston` rod G having openings G', is

V a blank mould made in two sections and adapted to be raised and lowered in any convenient manner, a particular mechanism for this purpose being described hereinafter.

connection with the neck mould I for the purposes to be more clearly brought out hereinafter. receptacle containm the molten glass and carrying knives adapted to be brought together by suitable mechanism. The perforated bottom U is attached to a slide U3 movin in a slide way T of the table T. This slide Tias an opening U4 of a proper sizeto allow the piston rod G and the neck mould I to pass there-through. The slide U3 has a pin U5 working in a cam roove Us in a suitable part attached to the Vs aft Z. This shaft is provided with another cam member, adapted to work in the cylinder A, in the having a groove Z', which operates on a rod manner to `be more fully described herein- 1 attached to a cross head 2, and suitably after. To the free end of this piston rod G is guided so as to reciprocate in the same direcsecured as by a screw thread a head H.,which tion as they slide U3. To the cross head 2 are in turn. carries a neck mould l. A second pispivoted links 8, which are connected with the tonJ, is secured to a piston rod K located inarms S2 of the mould casing S,p1voted at S3 as side of the hollow piston rod This second i hcreinbefore stated. two cam grooves The This blank mouldV is adapted for air tightv W is a supporting table located over the i IOO IIC

'r 5 mould sections, which` areI guided rectllinearly o cylinder 27 This cylinder contains a pis-ton U6 and Z are so arranged that when the finrupted at the times specified hereinafter. l ishi'ng mould is closed the bottom U will be in The diameter of cylinder should be larger than that of cylinder 27.

It will be understood that when the machine is at rest, compressed air entering the 7c. cylinder 27 at 30 will hold the piston 28 and, through its intermedium, the cylinder 9 and blank mould V, in the upper positi on shown in Figs. 2 and 10. At the same time, comwhen the mould is open,'the opening U4 Will 5 be in axial alignment with the piston rod G.

1o to slide up and down. Each of the mould sections is provided with an outwardly extending bolt V2, each having a nut V3. These bolts are engaged loosely by arms 5 which are fulcrumed at 6, and carry or support. the

pressed air passing fromthe port 26' of the 75 cylinder 27 vthrough the pipe 25 to the port 24 of the cylinder 17 will havel shifted the piston 18 to the left, causing the knives X to close toward each other. Furthermore, the air entering the cylinder 17 at 24 will have 8o by a suitable member, such as the rib 9a.

he arms 5 are moved inward or outward,

l carrying the blank mould sections in a like direction, by means' of rods 7 rojected from zo pistons 8,l suitable nuts or ot er abutments causing the pistons 8 to move apart, and the blank mould V toopen. At the same time, since in moving apart the pistons 8 have un- 8 5 covered the ports 12, the air entering at 14 will have reached the pipe 13 and through it the inlet D at the bottom ofthe cylinder A, causing the piston F, headH, and neck mould I to rise. As soon as the piston F clears the 9o by-pass B as shown in Fig. 2, the air passing up through B will lift the piston J and plunger M. The compressed air passes from the cylinder A through the openings G into 4the hollow piston rod G and closes the valve N. 95

pressed toward each other as shown in 'Fi s. z 5 9 and 12, as long as compressed air from t e pipe 11 (connected with the inlet E at the top of the cylinder A) enters the cylinder 9 throu h a port ,(Figs. 10 and 12) having brano es leading to the ends of the cylinder. 3o When the pistons are in this position, they close ports 12 leading. from' the cylinder 9 to a pipe'13 which is connected with the inlet D at the lower end of the cylinder A. At the center of the cylinder 9 is located another air inlet port 14, which is connected, by a pipe 15, withthe outlet 16 of a cylinder 17, containing a piston 18. .This piston is connected by a piston ro`d 19 with toggle links n20, connected with levers 21,ulcrumed at 22. With 4o the other ends of the said levers are connected links X2, pivotally attached to the knives X mounted to slide in suitable guidewa'ys X. vThe cylinder 17 has two inlets 23 and 24 respectively at its opposite ends. The inlet 23 is connected with a source of compressed air supply, together with the inlet E of the cylinder A and the inlet 1() of the cylinder 9, as indicated in Fig. 6. The inlet 24 is connected by a pipe 25 with a port 26 in a from the source of compressed air, and the connections of the vacuum pump or other suction device with the pipes R2, U2,-are like- Wise interrupted. The finishing mold S and 'ioo the slide Ufor the mould bottom U-are in the positionillustrated by Fig. 8.

To recapitulate, the position of rest of the yseveral parts is as follows: The pistons F, J and the parts connected therewith (neck :o5 mould I, plunger M) are raised as shown in Fig. 2; the valve N is closedas shown in Fig. 4,' the nishing mould S is open and its bottom U moved aside as shown in Fig. 8, While the opening U4 aligns with the axis ofthe pisr 1o. tons F, J; the blankmould V is raised and 'Y open, and the knives X are closed below the blank mould. To start the operation, air is admitted simultaneously or about so to the inlets E, 10 115 y Aand 23. The admission ofjair at the latter port causes the piston 18 to be moved to the rright andy thus opens or se arates the knives by means of the toggle inks 20 and-levers 21. The lentrance of -air lat .the inlet 10 12o causes the pistons 8 to move together as shown in Fig. 12, thus closing the blank mould V as shown in Fig. 9. The air liowing into the extension B of the cylinderA first 6c ing the upward and the downward movepresses down the piston J only, so as to 125 ments of said cylinder. v he port 3() is connected with the source of wardly beyond the head H, this relative pocompressed air permanently, while the consition being shown in Fig. 1. The movement nection of the ports E, 10 and 23 with theof the pistons 8 toward each other has closed source of compressed air is :made and linterthe ports 12 and thus disconnected the port 13o 28 which by means of a rod 29 engages and is adapted to lift the cylinder 9 andthe parts connected therewith, amon them the blank mould V. The cylinder 27 ias a compressed 5 5 air inlet 30 at its lower portion.

'It will be understoo that flexible or other D at the bottom of the cylinderA from the compressed air supplied through the inlet 30. There is therefore no counter-pressure in the lower part of the cylinder A, and the pistons J and F, after coming together, move down openingfUet of the slide U3, and the blank mould passes through the table W into the molten glass W, this being the position 'of parts shown in Fig'. 1. Connection is then established between the pipe R2 and the vacuum pump or other suction device. Inasmuch as the openings G of the piston rod G are in communication with the chamber R, see Fig. 1, air will be sucked out through the openings'P and Q (Fig. 3) lifting the'valve N, and exerting a suction within the blank mould V, it being understood that the plunger M fits loosely in the bottom plate of the head H. The glass is thus sucked up in to the blank mouldV as shown in Fig. l, and drawn forcibly against and around the plunger M and against the head H and neck mould I. The material is thus driven into the neck mould with considerable force and per-V fectly'shaped therein. Thereupon the supply of compressed air to the inlets E, 10 and 23, is interru ted. The downward ressure onvzthe piston and on the blankmou dVhaving ceased, the upward pressure'of the air ad- `mitted to the cylinder 27 throughthe inlet 30 will cause the piston 28 to rise, liftingv the blank mould V together With the neck mould I and the other parts resting on the blank mould, through the medium of the headH and piston rod G. When the piston 28 and the Y lank mould V have risen to \the ,positionl shown in Figs. 2 and 10, air will pass from the outlet 26 through the pipe 25 -to the port 24 of cylinder 17, and will thus drive the piston 18 over to the osition shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Thisl Willpcause the knives X to move toward -each other below the blank mould V and to cut off any glass adhering to the bottom of said mould. As the piston 18 uncovers the port 16 of the cylinder 17, air will pass fro to the port 1 of cylinder 9. This will cause `the istons 8 to move apart, separating the blan mould i sections.. The upward `movement of the blank mouldV has raised the neck mould I and the parts connected therewith only a 'portion of their upstroke. The remainder of the u ward movement of these parts is brought a out as follows: When the pistons 8 move apart vto open the blankmould V, they allow air to pass from the inlet 10 vthrough the pine 13 to the inlet D at the-bottom of. the cylinder A. The air lifts the pisfect joints.

the pipe 25 to the pipe 15 and 'mannerjust described, the two ton F and the parts connected therewith. The blank adhering to the neck mould I is thus raised into the finishing mould S,which is still in the open position illustrated by Fig. 1.' As soon as the openings Gventer the cylinder A, compressed air flowing into the hollow piston rod G will close the valve N. As the area of the said valve and of the cage L is smaller than that of the piston F, the upward pressure on the piston will prevail. In order to enable the said piston to start readily from its lower position, such piston is beveled or rounded at its edge so that 'the air will get under it, and a like construction is employed for the pistons J and 28.

When the piston F at the end of its upstroke uncovers the by-pass B, the com der the blank, and the finishing mould S is I.

closed, these parts taking the position shown 1n Figs. 2 and 7.` Suction through the pipe R2 is then discontinued, and applied through the pipe U2, so as to produce a vacuum in the chamber U. This chamber being in communication with the casing S, and the mould Sfas well as the upperwall of the chamber U being perforated, the air entering the glass blank either through .imperfect joints or through a valve H to be described presently, causes the glass to expand to the sides and bottom of the finishing mould, which of course corresponds to the shape of the article it is desired to form. In the present illustration this article is a bottle, but it is to be understood that all kinds of hollow glass ware may be made according to my process.

When the article is small, sufficient atmospheric air will enerally enter through' imperr' here the leakage is insufficient, I may provide a special suction) valve H-, as shown in Figs. 3 and 11, opening inwardly and communicating with an annular chamber H2 of the head H. This chamber` is so arranged that during the first operation of drawing the glass into the blank mould, the valve cage L shuts ofi1 saidv chamber H2 from communication with the s ace in which suction is created. When t e valve cage has been raised, as in Fig. 2, the chamber H2 is open to the interior of the piston rod G, and thus air may enter through the valve H into the bottle, which is being pressed outwardly against the perforated finishing mould S by the suction applied on the outside of said mould.

When the article has been formed in the arts of the mould casing Sand the mould are sleparated, or, in other words, the finishing mould is opened, after which the neck mould I is opened and the finished article removed.

After the article has. been removed, the sliding bottom U is again moved'aside (Fig. 8) to' allow the parts carried by the piston rod G to descendv and repeat the operation,

.as hereinbefore described.

It will thus be seen that in using my proc- 4 ess, suction is successively applied in opposite directions, that is, suction is first used to force the glass toward the neck of the bottle (in the present illustration) so as to mould the said neck which is generally beaded, and then suction is applied from the outside, while atmospheric air has access to the inside of the article, for the purpose of expanding said article toward the bottom of the bottle rl` he material is therefore subjected successively lto opposite strains.

- above described, differing only in the followinor vparticularz-lfVhen compressed air is admitted to the cylinder A at D, and the pisi tons F and J rise together, the neck mould I with the blank adhering thereto, will be lifted as before described. When the piston F reaches the top of the cylinder A, and compressed air passes throughthe by-pass B to the extension B, the piston J is lifted further and the valve cage L is thus caused to move upward within the piston rod G. At the moment that the lower end of the valve cage L gets above the lower end of the groove G2, compressed air from the upper part of the hollow piston rod G Will pass` through the said groove G2 to the lower end of said piston rod and into the hole which has been formed in the blank by the plunger M. This puff of compressed air will cause the hole formed by the withdrawal of the plunger to be expanded, as will be -understood by comparing the showing in Fig. 4 with that in Fig. r11. This expansion of the cavity facilitates the finishing of the blank in the mould S. operation involving an enlargement of the cavityformed by the plungerM, is recommended for hollow articles of relatively large s1ze.

It will be' observed that in both species of .my invention described hereinbefore,y the narrow endv or neck of the blank isv directed upward-during the entire operation, so that the influence of avity is always inthe same direction and allrside strains and injury are avoided that might be caused by inverting the blank during the process of manufacture.

As'the position or direction of the blank remains the same (that is, with the neck pointing in the same direction) during both suction operations, the blank is subjected sim- This ply to longitudinal strains exerted successively in'opposite directions and a uniform action of both forces is the result, with a regular shaping of the article. The two suction operations are upward and downward respectivelyy and the injection of air, is downward in the second example or species described. These features however need not all be employed conjointly, asvarious modiiications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention as defined in the claims. s

I claim and desire to' secure by Letters Patent: A

1. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists' in shaping a glass blank by suction exerted in one direction and at the same time piercin said blank a part of its length and then app'ying suction in the o posite direction to expand and finish saidy b ank. y

2. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in gathering a glass .blank by suction and at the same time shaping and piercing said blank, and then applying suction to the exterior of said blank to expand it. 3. A. process for manufacturing hollow lassware, which consists in shaping a glass lank by suction exerted toward one end of the blank, and then exerting external suction towardthe other end of the blank to expand l the blank.

4. A process for manufacturing hollow lassware, which consists in shaping a glass blank by suction exerted toward the narrow end or neckof'the blank so as to compress the material at said neck, and then exerting external suction toward the other end or bottom end of the blank.

5. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in shaping a hollow glass blank by suction exerted toward one endof the blank and at the same time piercing the said end of the blank, and then exerting external suction toward the other unpierced end of the blank so as to expand'the' blank.

6. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in shaping a glass blank by suction exerted toward one end of the blank and at the same time piercing said end of the blank, then blowing a fluidunder pressure. into the pierced end of the blank so as to enlarge its cavity, and thereupon applying external suction to expand vthe blank.

7. A process for fmanufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in shaping a 'glass blank by suction exerted toward the narrow end or neckof the blank, introducing a fluid under pressure into said end of the blank, and thereupon expanding the blank byl ex- IOO 'IIS

ternal suction exerted toward the other end glassware, which consists in forcing a body of plastic glass by suction toward one of its ends, so as to compress-and shape said end into blank form and then introducing a 'fluid under pressure into said end of the blank and expanding the blank by external suction exerted toward the other end of the blank.

9. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in forcing a body of plastic glass by suction toward one of its ends so as to compress and shape said end into blank form and at the same time piercing it, and then blowing a iuid under pressure into the pierced end of the blank and applyingexternal suction toward the other end of the blank to expand it.

10. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which` consists in subjecting va body of plastic glass to suction exerted successively toward opposite ends, first in one direction to shape one end of the blank, and

then in thevopposite direction to expand the blank toward its other end.

11. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in shaping a glass blank by suction exerted upward toward the neckof the blank, and then exerting a downwardexternal suction toward the other end or bottom end of the blank. A

12. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in subjecting -a body of plastic glass to suction exerted successively toward opposite ends, one of the suction operations being directed upward,

and the other downward, and the same end.

of the glass body being at the top during both operations,

13. A process for manufacturing hollo glassware, which consists in subjecting abody of plastic glass to suction exerted successively toward opposite ends, to first shape one end of the blank and then expand the blank toward its other end, the same end of the blank pointing in the lsame direction dur-4 ing both operations. l

, 14. A process `for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in subjecting a body of plastic glass to suction exerted upward to shape the neck of the blank, and then exerting a downward external suction toward'the other end or bottom end of the blank, the neck end of the blank` being directed upward during the entire process of manufacture.

15. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in shaping a glass blank by upward suction toward the neck end of the blank and then introducing a fluid underl ressure downward into said end of the blan .and expanding the blank by external suction exerted downward toward the other end of the blank.

16. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in shaping a glass blank byupward suction toward the neck end of the blank and at the same time piercing said end, and then injecting a liuid under pressure downward into the pierced end of the blank and expanding the blank toward its other end by downwardly directed external suction.

17. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in drawing and forming a blank by suction upward from a mass of molten glass, and then exerting a downward suction externally on said blank to expand and finish it.

18. A process for manufacturing hollow glassware, which consists in withdrawing a body of glass by suction from a mass of molten glass and simultaneously shaping one end of said body by exertingv the suction toward the neck of the blank, and then exert` ing an external suction toward the other end or bottom of the blank to expand and finish it.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand 1n the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES Ffoox.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. MULFoRD, WM. S. FITHIAN. 

